tonton macoute uncle gunnysack tonton macoute uncle gunnysack

The group that was trying to prevent the participation of Haitis most popular party in the 2010 elections through the use of indiscriminate violence and political pressure was led by a former paramilitary leader convicted in the U.S. for drug trafficking and money laundering, Guy Philippe. He made money, and lots of it, by sending corpses to U.S. medical universities, which earned him the apt title "Vampire of the Caribbean". Uncle Gunnysack, who would stuff naughty children into his knapsack and eat them for breakfast - the Macoutes were a mixture of gang, cult, secret . Tonton Macoute were also a progressive rock band from the UK. In 1959, he created the force, which was granted automatic amnesty for any crime committed during any official act. In that case, he did not hesitate to kill innocent people to facilitate the growth of his industry., In 1971, following an altercation with the Duvalier family regarding his role in post-Papa Doc Haiti, Luckner fled to Miami. Duvalier (better known as "Papa Doc") came to power in 1957, as a populist, freely elected. The children are never seen again. . The term "Tonton Macoutes" is equivalent in Haiti to the not "bogeyman". See also: Les Boubou Macoutesde:Tonton Macoute, https://academickids.com:443/encyclopedia/index.php/Tonton_Macoute. These ghosts from the past still torment Haitian and U.S. policy: last year a group of civic activists accused the Obama administration of turning a blind-eye to the criminal activity being practiced against Aristide backers and supporters of his Fanmi Lavalas party. Compact with performance. He can be seen as the antipode of the Christmas figure Santa Claus (Bulgarian: ; corresponding to Father Christmas). As Professor Robert Maguire observed in 2002, the unabated power struggle among the countrys politicians has been joined by a renewal of the kind of paramilitary violence that the vast majority of Haitians hoped had ended with the disbandment of the Haitian Armed Forces in 1995. But there are some other issues that feed the existence of the paramilitary phenomenon: these factors include drug trafficking, rampant poverty, demoralized police forces, and the primacy of the interests of the elite. The 'dew breaker' voices a . He consolidated his power by creating an undercover death squad which Haitian's referred to as the Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) which is named after a local mythological creature that kidnaps children and carries them away in a sack to be eaten. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). The militia created a sense of fear through continuous threats against the public as well as frequent random executions. When teenager Jean-Claude is foolish enough to steal from his grandmother, he is hunted by Tonton Macoute, the Haitian Boogeyman he said he no longer believe. Many of the prominent Tonton Macoutes practiced voodoo, a ritualistic religion, which imbued them with magical powers as viewed by the Haitians. Translated literally from Creole: Tonton (Uncle) Macoute (gunnysack). found: Wikipedia, Sept. 26, 2014(A Tonton Macoute was a member of the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier; in 1970, the militia was officially renamed Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN), perhaps named after the homonymous Italian Fascist . Brown University In Whicker's World, they look like relaxed armed policemen. Cookie Notice [4] A similar figure, Krampus, appears in the folklore of Alpine countries, sometimes depicted with a sack or washtub to carry children away. Access to over 100 million course-specific study resources, 24/7 help from Expert Tutors on 140+ subjects, Full access to over 1 million Textbook Solutions. Luckner Cambronne was a particularly fierce head of the Tonton Macoutes throughout the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s, for two reasons: first, because he was considered perhaps the most powerful and influential man in Haiti during the transition from Papa to Baby Doc, and second, because of his unique brand of cruelty that enabled him to become very rich and earned him the nickname Vampire of the Caribbean., As a result of his close relationship with Papa Doc, Luckner climbed rapidly up Haitis power structure and he became the chief plotter of the extortions carried out by his henchmen. The militia preyed upon people, who supported Duvalier's political opponents, or declined to contribute money for a government project, which provided graft for dishonest officials, certainly supporters of the Duvalier regime. His aim was to spread fear, crush dissent and assassinate his opponents. My friends took the woman away, leaving only myself and the victim kneeling before me. Consequently, a number of small paramilitary bodies were organized to work with these mafias as stability keepers. They stopped buying after a year, saying we were spreading AIDS whatever the fuck that was. The song soon became a popular and much-recorded jazz standard, described as "without doubt one of the finest songs the composer ever wrote Washington's political agenda regarding Haiti's struggle for democracy valued Duvalier's seeming contribution as an abolisher of Communism in the Caribbean, over the rights of the Haitian people, who sought a democratic form of government and a leader, who respected democratic principles. Their straw hats, blue denim shirts, dark glasses and machetes remain indelibly etched in the minds of millions of Haitians. Fusce dui lectus, congue vel laoreet ac, dictum vitae odio. To make it even more depressing the worst lieutenants of the Tonton Macoute escaped prosecution in Haiti and fled to the US where some reside to this day. When Francois Duvalier assumed the presidency of Haiti in 1957, he instituted a brutal secret police, Tonton Macoutes. Im afraid to look into this further but this cant be ignored. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. The name itself comes from a Krampus like figure also know as Uncle Gunnysack who kidnaps bad children. Donec aliquet. He stowed them away in his gunnysack, never to be seen again. The militia was renamed officially in 1971 the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale ( MVSN ). This entity of Haitian folklore is a giant who is a companion of Father Christmas : his name means "Uncle Gunnysack" because he takes away naughty children in his bag. When Dr. Francis Duvalier, a well spoken former medical doctor, became President in 1957 we thought things would change. The Tonton Macoutes would too come out at night (and even during the day) and take away citizens and dissidents who were never to be seen again. They were Papa Docs private army, using voodoo and violence to control Haiti. In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). Here You Can Submit Creepy Pics Of Old People. During the dictatorship of Papa Doc Duvalier, certain Haitian secret policemen were given the name Tontons Macoutes because they were said also to make people disappear. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. I saw their dreadful form of power and wanted it. During Haiti's earthquake, "Baby Doc" pledged to donate $8 million dollars to the Red Cross. In Haitian French, Tonton Macoute (7) means "Uncle Gunnysack," an embodiment [] Read More.. How did the Mayans adapt to their environment? Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The Tonton Macoute, Papa Doc's paramilitary force who raped and murdered tens of thousands of Haitian citizens as well as mutilating and kidnapping , dressed as Loa deities. The U.S. has been an active supporter, albeit from the shadows, even years after the Tonton Macoute reign of violence officially was over. Below are maps providing data on Haitian immigration to areas in New York and the United States as a whole. T-shirts, posters, stickers, home decor, and more, designed and sold by independent artists around the world. Who would be under your bed? I chuckled to her softly as I kissed her forehead. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. He stowed them away in his gunnysack, never to be seen again. But what he told me made me wish it had been Uncle Gunnysack, taking me away. . The Tonton macoutes were known for wearing dark glasses, wielding machetes, and leaving their victims hanging in a public place as a warning to others. Haitians named this force after the Haitian mythological bogeyman, Tonton Macoute ("Uncle Gunnysack"), who kidnaps and punishes . Duvalier left office in 1964, but the Tonton Macoutes assisted his son Jean "Baby Doc" Duvalier in securing power. Haitians named this force after the Haitian Creole mythological Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) bogeyman, who kidnaps and punishes unruly children by snaring them in a gunnysack (macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. But while self-interest prevailed, the Macoutes also served to create and bolster recruitment, mobilization, and patronage for Duvalier's regime. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply as the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, perhaps named after the homonymous Italian Fascist . The name Tonton Macoutes, literally translated "Uncle Gunnysack" is derived from the legend of an old man, who walked the dimly lighted Haitian streets at night and would kidnap children who stayed out too late. . [citation needed], In Sri Lanka, among the Sinhalese people, elders frighten misbehaving children with Goni Billa, (translates roughly as "sack kidnapper") a scary man carrying a sack who arrives day or night to capture and keep children. In Haitian French, Tonton Macoute (7) means "Uncle Gunnysack," an embodiment of the devil in Haitian folklore. Dean of the College I walked her back to her room and made a show of checking under her bed before tucking her in. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. The black cloud of Tonton Macoutes, FRAPH, and other Haitian death squads still loom over Haitian-U.S. foreign relations. Nobody knows who I am. This data was compiled by Brown University Librarian Thomas Stieve using ArcGIS. I spent a minute trying to figure out where she would have heard it before remembering the girls Grandmother. The Tontons Macoutes prowl the streets. Small, compact, and easy to handle, despite its small size this machine offers the highest standards of productivity and quality. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. It serves as a comparison only in the most shallow and superficial sense possible you might as well just say he's like Hitler. Discussion; Bug Reporting; Delete/Combine Pages It's a chilling image, because--if not for the machetes-- one would think they were heading to a picnic or barbeque, which renders them all the more sinister-looking, an appearance that is the personification of pure evil. Duvalier and Trump both became president on populist and nationalist platforms, then began to consolidate power step by step. Donec aliquet. A warning to those who would oppose Papa Doc. Although the United States was a preeminently active and interested participant in the development of Haitis political culture, it failed to speak out against such atrocitiesnot even during human rights-focused administrations such as Jimmy Cartersas a result of Cold War logic. I didnt know it was actually the name of a Dictator (which explains why he was such an asshole in the movie). He also acted as a general bogeyman: if your child is unruly, just tell him Tonton Macoute will come to take him away and devour him for breakfast. He walked the streets at night, looking for children who stayed out too late. My friend kicked in the door of the hut - it didn't even have a lock, but we had a reputation to keep. And the militia used this leverage to make a connection between their perceived otherworldly power and Duvalier. In Haitian Creole mythology, Tonton Macoutes was a bogeyman who kidnapped errant children in the night and stored them in his knapsack. My wifes mother was born in Haiti - she tells the children the tales. Danticat opens by describing the main character in a soft but insistent way. Tonton Macoutes (properly Tonton-Makout or Tontonmakout, sing. Translated literally from Creole: Tonton (Uncle) Macoute (gunnysack). Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. The militia consisted mostly of illiterate fanatics that were converted into ruthless zombie-like gunmen. My wife, her mother, the children and I all share the one house buried in a nameless suburb. You should I believe a big part of why Haiti is not doing so well these days is because of Papa Doc and his son Baby Doc. Haitians called this force the "Tonton Macoutes," after the Haitian Creole mythological Tonton Macoute ( Uncle Gunnysack) bogeyman who kidnaps and punishes unruly children by snaring them in a gunnysack (Macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. [7][8] The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout)[1][2][3] or simply the Macoute[4][5] was a . In Switzerland, the corresponding figure is known as Schmutzli (derived from Butzli) in German, or Pre Fouettard in French. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur, ce dui lectus, ca. Tel. With the army neutered, Duvalier built one in his own profane image - the cagoulards' spiritual successors, the 25,000-strong Tontons Macoutes. A spate of coups followed, with military figures occupying the vacancy left by Baby Doc.. In Haitian folklore comes, Uncle Gunnysack out late at night and puts children into his gunnysack. Ton-Ton Macoute! Haitis military began to steadily lose a great deal of authority with the consolidation of the Franois Duvalier regime, which it would not recover until 1986, when the pressure coming from senior military officers played a major role in the fall of Jean-Claude. The bad children are visited by Uncle Gunnysack, or Uncle Knapsack. Saturday, August 20th, 2022 High quality Tonton Macoute-inspired gifts and merchandise. The FRAPH also cooperated with the regular army to persecute Aristides followers; this made them even more dangerous than the Tonton Macoutes, because in the old days the militia and the legal armed forces were more rivals than allies. I got the position by killing the last leader, and bringing his head encased in ice to Papa. Tonton Macoute were also a progressive rock band from the UK. Growing up, I was terrified of being carried away for Uncle Gunnysacks breakfast. These abuses were instigated by Guy Philippe, an ex-militia leader and convicted drug trafficker and money-launderer. Locations of the hospital and college mentioned in the story were plotted using a street locator within the application.". In Haiti, the Tonton Macoute ( Haitian Creole: Uncle Gunnysack) is a giant, and a counterpart of Father Christmas, renowned for abducting bad children by putting them in his knapsack. I was not aware that we had imported elements of the disbanded "TONTON MACOUTES" of Haiti into the country of Belize. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier. In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale ( VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). The reporter declared that the FRAPH, under goon figure Emmanuel Constant, was even worse than the Duvalierist militia because it was no longer subordinate to one absolute authority. This marked the birth of one of the most brutal paramilitary organizations in the hemisphere and was justified by the leaders profound paranoia towards the threat posed by the regular armed forces. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Fun fact: there is or was a club in Cumbernauld, Scotland called Papa Doc's. [1] University Hall, 2nd Floor These merciless killers murdered over 60,000 Haitians and many more were forced to flee their homes. The diversity of the victims was also a measure of the Macoutes cruelty. He was so horrified by the crimes committed by them that he couldn't stop himself from shooting a known member of the Macoutes when he spotted him in Miami in 2006. Wasnt Papa Doc also the name of the main antagonist in 8 Mile ? Instead, he is recognised as an insane murderer that somehow has been accepted by society which allows him to take a child that has been given to him willingly by disappointed parents or any child that is not home by sundown or supper time. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. (Amy Wilentz's "A zombie is a Slave Forever. It's a well-established fact that militia violence is the norm in Haiti, no matter who is heading the government. What did the Tonton Macoute do? The Tonton Macoutes would too come out at night (and even during the day) and take away citizens and dissidents who were never to be seen again. Nam risus ante, dapibus a molestie consequat, ultrices ac magna. Gen. The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. Donec aliquet. Nam lacinia pulvinar tortor nec facilisis. The VSN were led by Duvalier's second-in-command, Luckner Cambronne, who died on 20 September 2006, in Miami . A good number of these new bodies were being formed by former Macoutes. Many of these militias remained nostalgic for the good old days of Duvalierism, with some even attempting to ignite their own reign of terror. I'd wager you couldn't make a leftist's head explode if you had ten tons of plastic explosive and ten weeks to come up with a good comment. Since the fading of the militia, the Human Rights Watch said in a report on Haiti, in 2004, "The United States . Good name for a death metal band. How do you tell your children the world is too evil to need monsters. Even more alarming, a U.S. business man, who'd profited during the Duvalier rule by starting a car dealership in Port-au-Prince, insisted the U.S. Marine Corps trained the Tonton Macoutes, with the tacit approval of some of the highest office holders in American government. Known by the public and the world as the 'Tonton Macoutes' (haitian creole for uncle gunnysack), after the mythological boogeyman. Ever since its establishment, this brutal organization had free rein to act unreservedly, disregarding any ethical or civil rights of the citizenry that might interfere with its indiscriminate violence. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. He started to pray and that bothered me. My friend came back with his pants around his ankles, and made fun of the fact I'd forgotten to remove the sack. The trick was to buy into Papas voodoo, to buy into his cult of personality in front of others - but not to believe in it personally. Contents [ hide] 1 Reign of terror 2 Legacy 3 See also 4 References 5 External links The Human Rights Watch reported on Haiti in 2004 and stated, The United States, notably, showed little enthusiasm for the prosecution of past abuses. We began to call him Papa Doc - a term of endearment. In contrast to Greene's description of them, they do not all wear sunglasses. http://www.pusanweb.com/feature/hitlerbar/. Franois Duvalier became president of Haiti in 1956. An article from Reuters published December 8, 1998 explains why the people want justice for "Baby Doc's" crimes. Pellentesque dapibus efficitur laoreet. Activists called out the Obama administration in 2010, for ignoring criminal abuses carried out against pro-Aristide loyalists during the 2010 Haiti elections. Those who openly opposed Duvalier disappeared at night, never to be seen again. In the Netherlands and Flanders, Zwarte Piet (Dutch for "Black Pete") is a servant of Sinterklaas, who delivers bags of presents on December 5 and takes naughty kids back to Spain in the now empty bags. They were not accountable to any state branch, court or elected body, but rather only to their leader, Papa Doc. The militia was renamed officially in 1971 the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale ( MVSN ). Providence, RI 02912 The Tonton Macoutes (singular Tonton Macoute referring to a member thereof; or Ton Ton Macoute) was a Haitian militia force under the control of Franois Duvalier . He stowed them away in his gunnysack, never to be seen again. Tonton Bufe, Istanbul: See unbiased reviews of Tonton Bufe, one of 16,430 Istanbul restaurants listed on Tripadvisor. Tonton Macoute (Creole: Tonton Makout) can be translated as "bogeyman," though it literally means "Uncle Gunnysack." See this excerpt: In 1959, only two years after becoming president, "Papa Doc" created a paramilitary force that would report only to him and would be fully empowered to use unremitting violence to maintain the new administration's authority to summarily dispose of . it impeded accountability . I thought it was the best way of extracting information -Papa later told me he enjoyed the smell more than anything. "Demographic data was downloaded from U.S. Census and boundaries from esri.com and NYC CSCIC. The militia was renamed officially in 1971 the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (MVSN). Tonton Macoute "Uncle Gunnysack." A bogeyman of Haitian Creole folklore. Duvalier used the Tonton Macoutes as an instrument to strike terror into the hearts of anyone, who advocated a progressive agenda. It sheds light on recent Haitian political . Consequently, these torturers, kidnapers and extortionists were feared not only by children, but also by the countrys general population, as well as by opposition members and business men not willing to make enforced pay-offs to the authorities. When a rumour began that this leader had been reincarnated into the body of a black dog, I organised that every black dog in Haiti was decapitated, and the heads sent to Papa Doc. The militia was created in 1959, modelled on the Italian fascist Blackshirts. It's a creature without a typical form, connected with darkness or scary places, making children fear but not taking them away usually. They have to come in and get tested themselves. Tonton Macoute ("Uncle Gunnysack"), who . Consequently, Haiti suffered an unparalleled and crippling brain drain that robbed the small country of many of its most educated citizens. 5 Appearances of Uncle Gunnysack . Je nai pas des enemies. To find out what Brown is doing to help Haiti recover can be found here. After an attempted coup against him in 1958, Duvalier rewrote the Haitian constitution. Silly girl, I said, Nana must have told you that Tonton Macoute only goes after bad children. They could range from a woman in the poorest of neighborhoods who had the temerity to support an opposing politician, all the way to an accommodating foreign diplomat or even a business man who refused to donate money for public works (the public works being the pockets of corrupt officials and even the dictator himself). They frequently stoned people and lit them on fire, showing off their corpses to all, a grim reminder of the fate that awaited should they commit the smallest perceived infraction against the Duvalier regime. Luckner Cambronne was one of the dreaded figures of the militia, head of the death squad in the 60s and early 70s. Translated literally from Creole: Tonton (Uncle) Macoute (gunnysack). The bad children are visited by Uncle Gunnysack, or Uncle Knapsack. removing to the U.S. thousands of documents, from military and paramilitary headquarters, allowing notorious abusers to flee Haiti, and repeatedly giving safe haven to paramilitary leaders.". . As I grew older still, I began to notice the real life horrors used to keep peasants - the children of the country - in line. [2] In Brazil, o homem do saco is portrayed as a tall and imposing adult male, usually in the form of a vagrant, who carries a sack on his back, and collects mean disobedient children for nefarious purposes. I remember the first time I killed someone. The Haitians nicknamed this warlord-led goon squad the "Tonton Macoutes," after the Creole translation of a common myth, about an "uncle" (Tonton) who kidnaps and punishes obstreperous kids by snaring them in a gunnysack (Macoute) and carrying them off to be consumed at breakfast. : (401) 863-2165. September 16, 2022 North America travel Duvalier (better known as "Papa Doc") came to power in 1957, as a . There's an important lesson for Trump supporters that Papa Doc and Baby Doc left in Haiti. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier. 419 40 comments Add a Comment -The-Moon-Presence- 3 yr. ago Haitis military began to steadily lose a great deal of authority with the consolidation of the Franois Duvalier regime, which it would not recover until 1986, when the pressure coming from senior military officers played a major role in the fall of Jean-Claude. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours. We left his corpse where it was, and hung his wife in the centre of town. I was supposed to take the sack off first why waste a sack- but I forgot in my haste. The Tonton Macoute, Papa Doc's paramilitary force who raped and murdered tens of thousands of Haitian citizens as well as mutilating and kidnapping , dressed as Loa deities. I eavesdrop, the stories conjuring up unwanted memories of my homeland. It was a silly thing to say and frankly you should feel silly for saying it. UNCLE GUNNYSACK UNCLE GUNNYSACK HE IS EATING ME - twists in my mind but I am awake and I tear at the fabric in front of my eyes until it is gone and I see him. With Jennifer Zubar, Toto Bissainthe, Patrick Rameau, Jean-Michel Martial. When I was a child growing up in Haiti my mother would tell me tales of Tonton Macoute. Judging from Wilentz's account of them, how Providence, RI 02912 Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Leading them towards the beach, sacks over their heads and machetes at their throats, they barely struggled at all. . Judging from Wilentz's account of them, how appropriate was the name for a member of "Papa Doc's" secret police? My doctor didn't know what else to say, other than that I had AIDS, likely contracted from a blood transfusion. In English that translates to Uncle Gunnysack. is the name of a Johnny Jenkins music album. Forums. I wish I could say that it was to stop my family from starvation, or that I did it to help people. It was notorious for its widespread and brutal repression of political dissidents. The children are never seen again. I am no longer a rich or powerful man. The Haitians nicknamed this force after the Creole bogeyman Tonton Macoute ('Uncle Gunnysack'), who punishes bad children by catching them in his gunny sack (French macoute). In Haitian Creole mythology Tonton Macoute (Uncle Gunnysack) was the name of a boogeyman who walked the streets after dark, and would kidnap children who stayed out too late. appropriate was the name for a member of "Papa Doc's" secret police? Users Online Now: 1,804 : Visitors Today: 790,423: Pageviews Today: 1,844,330: They included numerous murders and violent acts, such as forcing mothers to carry the heads of their dead children, forcing fathers to rape their daughters, and drowning people. The missionaries ground on me, their prayers and stories conflicting with my mothers, until I became an athiest. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Sold them to the United States, where rich people paid money to be filled with the poor. I know, she whispered, He said he waiting for you, Daddy. Summertime "Summertime" is an aria composed in 1934 by George Gershwin for the 1935 opera Porgy and Bess.The lyrics are by DuBose Heyward, the author of the novel Porgy on which the opera was based, and Ira Gershwin. This chapter flashes back to the 'dew breaker', an active and senior member of Duvalier's Macoutes while in Haiti. Tonton Macoute (Creole: Tonton Makout) can be translated as bogeyman, though it literally means Uncle Gunnysack., In 1959, only two years after becoming president, Papa Doc created a paramilitary force that would report only to him and would be fully empowered to use unremitting violence to maintain the new administrations authority to summarily dispose of its enemies.