It seems that during the nineteenth century and up to the World War I Britain was the dominant power in Europe, West Asia and South and South East Asia. Of all the countries in East Asia, Taiwan is the one country that China can presently blockade and sever energy importation links.2 If China manages to absorb Taiwan, the Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) will have unfettered access to the Pacific. What is more important from a strategic viewpoint, however, is that global energy projections that the EIA issues in the International Energy Outlook, issued in October 2021, make it clear that China and Asia will have a sharply growing dependence on MENA and Gulf petroleum exports that may well extend through 2050. Its strategic significance in 21stcentury is designed by geopolitical and geo-economic factors. . The Role of the Maldives in the Indo-Pacific Security Space in South Asia. His most recent book is Southeast Asia and the Vietnam War (London: Routledge, 2010). South Asia's maritime countries and commons are of increasing strategic importance and may become an area of future contestation. there is a great power competition in the region. Storage can also provide benefits to Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal individually and collectively to the South Asia grid (see Figure ES-1 Read the second essay here and the third essay here. For some participants, such as Shripad Tuljapurkar and Vijay Kelkar, this importance is based on the fact that South Asia is home to one-sixth of the worlds population and that there is great economic potential in the region, particularly in India if it can capitalize on favorable demographic All told, 2019 showed important shifts in long-standing positions (by India and Pakistan, as well as China and the United States) and a new willingness by . Traditional Geographical Importance of Pakistan Traditionally, Pakistan's geographical importance has been defined in following ways; 1. South Asia is of vital strategic importance for China for many reasons, especially in current times. The militarization of the Spratly Islands is a significant example in this regard. South Asia, subregion of Asia, consisting of the Indo-Gangetic Plain and peninsular India. This paper discusses and explains the South Asia region, which, depending on how you define it, is home to some 1.7 billion people. The purpose of this chapter is to analyse the impact that the increasing globalization of the world economy is having on South Asia. It also points to some future challenges and possibilities for this important region. Japan's conception of an expanded strategic role for itself in East Asia, including in Southeast Asia, has led to some capitals (namely Beijing and Seoul) and commentaries chiding Tokyo for a . Effect of Policies & Politics of Countries on India's Interests. Thus, India dominates the Indian Ocean and commands an important strategic position. of India in South Asia is conditioned by adhocism. The Arabian Sea has limited the South of the country. 21 Aug 2021. The region of South Asia mainly consists of seven states: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It is located on the eastern part of South Asia between the latitude 20.34 o and 26.45 o north and the longitude. Its current rapid economic growth and obvious potential mean India's strategic role will continue to grow both regionally and internationally. In 1994, these five countries together . Bangladesh is a deltaic formation with an approximate land-mass of 1,43,998 sq. The Indo-Pacific and the Growing Strategic Importance of the Bay of Bengal 290 David Brewster 17. India being centrally located in South Asia, she enjoys an advantageous-position for doing trade with Australia and the countries of Africa, the Middle East and the Far East. Geo strategic means the importance of a country or a region as by virtue of its geographical location. An estimated 60% of global maritime trade traverses sea lanes in the Indo-Pacific, 30% through the South China Sea, and the region boasts nine of the ten largest ports in the world. By Irfan Nooruddin. Energy storage can provide a range of grid services and has the potential to play an important role in the development of a cost-effective power sector for India. With the total area of 9,96096 km square, Pakistan emerges to be one of the most significant geographical patches of Asia. This Commentary is the first in a series of essays that will examine the strategic significance of the Black Sea region to the United States and NATO. At long last, the year that seemed like it might never end is in the history books. south asia is one of the world's most volatile regions and dominated by the united states. The Asia-Pacific region has half of the world's population and some of the . Tags: GS Paper - 2. Strategic Stability in South Asia 20th November 2019 Abdullah Jilani Economy, Politics 0 Print PDF South Asia can be termed as the harbinger of the 2 nd Nuclear Age post World War II. At the same, as South Asia is attached with the Middle East (West Asia) and with South East Asia, it becomes most strategically important venue when it bordering with Indian Ocean. Growth in South Asia, already uneven and fragile, will be slower than previously projected, due to the impacts of the war in Ukraine and persistent economic challenges, says the World Bank in its twice-a-year regional update. Hence, the strategic importance of West Asia for India has been of utmost importance. America is unlikely to withdraw from Asia, and would find it hard to share power with China, so the default option is strategic competition. The Indian Navy's Security Role in Littoral Asia 306 Abhijit Singh. Introduction. President . The region is a key engine for the global economy. the underdeveloped countries of East Asia. objectives in South Asia. It occupies a strategic position at the nexus of the Middle East, South Asia and Central Asia. It includes the countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka; Afghanistan and the Maldives are often considered part of South Asia as well. Click here to subscribe for full access. This article is based on The fall of Kabul, the future of regional geopolitics which was published in The Hindu on 21/08/2021. Keywords: Geo-strategic, South Asia, Pakistan's Foreign Policy Introduction The geo-strategic environment of a country is formed basically on two elements: 1) its geographical location and relations with neighbouring countries, 2) the global structure or international political system and relations of regional countries India's involvement in Asia will help both to ensure that one country does not dominate the area and to encourage stability in a region that will take center stage in the 21st century. To support its allies and partners in South Asia, the United States should assist South Asian countries in assessing Belt and Road Initiative risks and benefits. The term was first used by Frederick L. Schuman in his 1942 article "Let Us Learn Our Geopolitics" .Geographical attributes of a state bring it both, some opportunities to avail and some risks to evade. Leigh Hartman. Among them, the South Pacific line stretches from East Asia to South America, Australian and New Zealand, and the total length of the lines is about 10000 nautical miles . The analysis focuses on five major countries-Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka-which account for an overwhelming proportion of the population of South Asia. This book breaks new ground in seeking to provide a way to understand why and how the geographical scope of political objectives and subsequent strategy both expands and contracts. There are strategic sea-routes, mineral reserves and natural resources that the growing . km. There are strategic sea-routes, mineral reserves and natural resources that the growing . closest to China joining the ECS to the South China Sea (SCS) (see map 1 in Appendix A). West Asia and South Asia. South Asia is very much in the U.S. interests. SUPERPOWERS IN SOUTH ASIA South Asia is a most complex, volatile and politically explosive region and it remains the most enigmatic and baffling in the world. The creation of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) in 1985 represented the recognition of the geopolitical entity of South Asia. The region is a key engine for the global economy. The sea-lanes that pass through the South China Sea are the busiest, most important, maritime waterways in the world. The U.S.-ROK Mutual Defense Treaty, signed in 1953 at the end of the Korean War, commits the United States to help South . Historically cautious of extra-regional powers engaging in military and strategic . The signing of a defence agreement between the Maldives and the United States (US) in September 2020 was welcomed by India as a positive step towards regional cooperation (Rej, 2020). It is also one of the most socially divided and fertile regions. 11 min read. As countries like Australia, Japan, and the United States began to define the Indo-Pacific as the new theater for strategic competition, New Delhi came to assume a central role in their respective policies. Definitive steps have been taken in the recent past towards the establishment of democratic governments in the region. Regional Dynamics and Strategic Concerns in South Asia: India's Role Donald Camp This background paper was prepared as part of a study of U.S. strategic concerns in South Asia and the regional dynamics and priorities that are likely to influence U.S. policy there between 2014 and 2026. This article is based on The fall of Kabul, the future of regional geopolitics which was published in The Hindu on 21/08/2021. Tags: GS Paper - 2. This militarization by China began in 2014 and continues till date. The Asia-Pacific region has half of the world's population and some of the . He specialises in the International history of modern Southeast Asia. The shortsightedness of recent U.S. policy toward the region, the report states, is troublesome because of the region's importance to U.S. national interests: with a population of 525 million . The South China Sea has huge economic and strategic importance, representing about one third of the world's shipping traffic and containing rich fishing and energy resources. Whichever option America takes, Asia's international order would very different. Bottom Line: We judge that the overall risk of food insecuritya in many countries of strategic importance to the United States will increase during the next 10 years because of production, transport, and market . -. Originating from the Tibetan Plateau, the 4,350-kilometer river flows through China's Yunnan Province and onward through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam before draining into the South China Sea. And this has included engagement with Southeast Asia and ASEAN, which is central to the region's peace and prosperity." Established in 1967, ASEAN encompasses 10 countries: Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and Cambodia. The Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment 2021 investigates the regional-security implications of more competitive Sino-American relations, Japan's security policy towards China, the Republic of Korea's security interests beyond the Korean Peninsula, India's strategic outlook, Southeast Asia's predicament amid rising great-power competition, and Australia's new regional-security . The collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, along with an opening up of its economy ended New Delhi's rationale of non-alignment. Future of South Asian Geopolitics. The South China Sea is one of the most important economic and environmental regions in the world. India has to be more sensitive to the needs and duties of its regional realm that is south Asia. Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea in March 2014 refocused global attention on the strategic significance of a region that rests on the fault lines of two former empiresthe Russian and . Its 21 economies have a combined GDP of $39 trillion - 56 percent of world economic output. The increase in food insecurity is likely to be most prominent in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Given the importance of developments in the region for Indian security, experts at IDSA keenly watch and analyse That is a risky course. South Asia comprises of nations coming around India, and India has been an accepted leader among them as well as on the path to become a global super power. Central Asia has always been the strategic and commercial crossroad of civilizations between Europe and Asia. South Asia comprises of nations coming around India, and India has been an accepted leader among them as well as on the path to become a global super power. China claims roughly 90% of the South China Sea under the so-called nine-dash line. Equally important, the United States has led the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Asian Development Bank in extending over $50 billion in credit, loans, and technical . India has to be more sensitive to the needs and duties of its regional realm that is south Asia. The natures of relations between these two states largely shape the political course of action in South Asia. Introduction. Keywords India, South Asia, neighbourhood, foreign policy, globalisation, regionalism, adhocism Neighbourhood policy is an important aspect of a country's foreign policy. With ASEAN engagement becoming a central pillar of India's foreign policy direction, these states play an important role as the physical bridge between India and Southeast Asia. Potential specific U.S. goals for U.S.-China strategic competition in the SCS and ECS include but 1 Central Asia has a long past of being According to the latest South Asia Economic Focus Reshaping Norms: A New Way Forward the region is projected . Although the states of Northeast India are smallphysically, numerically and economicallythey are increasingly gaining a significant strategic value. Contents vii . The region also represents 56 percent of total U.S. trade, and contains the world's most dynamic trade and energy routes. Just $5 a month. The region has been going through a period of turmoil over the last few years. India and its Neighbourhood. Due to this . It is a strategically important region that encompasses U.S. Pacific territories.1 U.S. relations with Australia and New Zealand include The increase in risk . russia and china are challenging the u.s.'s pre-eminence and South Asia is one of the main areas of research focus at IDSA. India must remember that it can use its location to its strategic advantage by . China's In-uence on Con-ict Dynamics in South Asia 3 of tension and occasional bouts of escalatory violence that run, at least in theory, the risk of a nuclear exchange. India and its Neighbourhood. Over the years, certain geopolitical developments molded the South Asian landscape, forcing both India and Pakistan to adapt and change their foreign policy priorities. Southeast Asian states risk becoming pawns in a geopolitical clash between two extra-regional superpowers. china's main strategic interests in the region of south asia consist of gaining access to markets and raw materials, securing safe sea lanes of communications (slc) in the indian ocean region (ior) where bulk of its oil passes, and preventing the region from emerging as a source of anti-china activities (implicitly or explicitly The emerging period of Sino-American strategic competition, which could last for decades, is likely to influence both the U.S. and Chinese assessments of and engagements in South Asia. navigation; preventing China from becoming a regional hegemon in East Asia; and pursing these goals as part of a larger U.S. strategy for competing strategically and managing relations with China. This book will . The logic of geography is unrelenting and proximity is the most difficult and testing And the most risky of these outcomes is also the most probable. South Asia, Southeast Asia as well as Central Asia informing readers about not only the lev el of engagement but also the challenges, as w ell as suggesting . that future crises could escalate in dangerous ways, possibly even to the nuclear threshold. It was established in July 2004 as an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore (NUS).The establishment of ISAS reflects the increasing economic and political importance of South Asia, and the strong historical links between South Asia and Southeast Asia. Geographically, South Asia comprises the Indian subcontinent and its immediate surrounds. Modern India is situated between the Middle East, Central Asia, China, Southeast Asia, and the Indian Ocean. That included nearly 40 percent of China's total trade and 90 percent of petroleum imports by China, Japan, and South Korea . It talks about the fall of Afghanistan to . Includes contributions on Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, The Philippines . The . He is the author of two forthcoming books: Lee Kuan Yew's Strategic Thought and Singapore, ASEAN and the Cambodian Conflict 1978-1991. a) The first phase of geopolitics in the Indian Ocean region began with the division of the world according to the ideological factors of Capitalism and Communism. It talks about the fall of Afghanistan to . Jul 11, 2019. Pakistan-India relations operate at the centre of South Asian security calculus. south asia is today at an inflection point with far-reaching implications for the states in the region, and for india in particular. These countries have a total population of nearly 640 million people. South Asia. 21 Aug 2021. More than half of the world's fishing vessels are in the South China Sea, and millions of people depend on these waters for their food and livelihoods. With grand strategic designs and desires, India acquired nuclear weapons and induced a security dilemma which forced Pakistan to go for nuclear weapons as well. India's population, econ- omy, military power, and political influence make it the South Asian nation with the most potential as a strategic partner for the United States. South Korea (officially the Republic of Korea, or ROK) is considered one of the United States' most important strategic and economic partners in Asia. After the opening of the Suez canal in 1869 the political power and In fact, China is so fascinated by the strategic significance of the South China Sea that it has began militarizing a number of islands within the Sea. U.S.-China bilateral competition and confrontation make cooperation in South Asia, including during major crises, substantially more difficult. Answer (1 of 2): After the nuclear tests conducted by both India and Pakistan in 11th and 13th May 1998 in South Asia, the experts, particularly the former US president Bill Clinton, described the region volatile and a dangerous place in the world. Future of South Asian Geopolitics. 2) The Indian Ocean became a region of Geopolitics due to Dynamics of the Cold War. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Kuwait are the chief countries that fulfill the major demands of India's energy. The methodologies used for identifying the regional area as consisting of geographically proximate and interacting states sharing some degree of common ethnic, linguistic, cultural, manner after defining the Central Asian region in a strategic context. The disputes among South Asian countries have remained an area of unresolved and dangerous conflict involving external powers, arms proliferation and ethnic and religious hatred that go back to the evolution of India, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka the countries that form South Asia. The region also represents 56 percent of total U.S. trade, and contains the world's most dynamic trade and energy routes. Its strategic importance for China' s political and national security is limited given that peripheral countries and great powers (US and Soviet . At least 60 million people depend on the river for their lives and livelihoods. Corridor" initiative, which the then Secretary of State John Kerry introduced at the US-India Strategic Dialogue in June 2013, was South and Southeast Asia.5 Meanwhile, in April 2014, the Assistant Secretary of the US State Department's Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs described "Indo- Overview. These factors have strong influence in defining the destiny of war and peace. It has strong economic and strategic links with Islamic states (and is a key player within the Islamic. There . Its 21 economies have a combined GDP of $39 trillion - 56 percent of world economic output. In this way the importance of Egypt from geo-political point of view immensely increased. line and the south line. In 2016, they carried fully one-third of global shipping with an estimated value of $3.4 trillion. While the record-breaking development of multiple safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines is grounds for optimism that 2021 will be betteradmittedly a very low bar after the year just completedthe shadow of 2020 is likely to loom large over the coming year for South Asia . Reviews 'Today, South Asia witnesses significant changes ranging from growing partnerships, unfolding opportunities to perceptible uncertainties; and China's robust engagement with the region needs to be seen and understood through a fresh lens of strategic pragmatism and developmental reciprocity. The emergence of superpowers such as the USA and the USSR dwarfed the importance of colonial . But the South China Sea has been dangerously overfished. seen by many Koreans as important for ROK sovereignty. This report analyses how states in the region are responding to the challenge posed by the strategic interests of the US and China in their geography and economy. Beyond appropriating additional resources for U.S. health care outreach in Southeast Asia, Congress could host U.S. industry executives to explore the possibility of opening a wing of marquee American hospital in the Philippines or Indonesia, countries of regional strategic importance where access to world-class health care is entirely lacking . Enjoying this article? The term is often used synonymously with "Indian subcontinent," though the latter term is sometimes used more restrictively to refer to . From the times of Silk Route to the Heartland concepts on to Great Game and Cold War period, the Central Asian region has remained in strategic value for the contenders. Both sides try to maintain the strategic balance of power in their favour by two ways. Development Bank, in 2021 had GDP growth rates estimated to be 7.5% in East Asia, 8.6% in South Asia, 3% in Southeast Asia, and -0.6% in the Pacific Islands. This report reviews the challenges posed by changing strategic circumstances in Southern Asia, . The Mekong River's importance is difficult to overstate. central asia: a Definitional Discourse Central Asia is a term used to refer a vast area stretching from the Chinese border in the east to the Caspian Sea in the west, and from Russia in the north to Iran and Afghanistan in the south. In South Asia global economic integration is viewed as a dangerous virus, destroying traditional cultures and values - generating gender and societal confusion, crushing the aspirations of millions of under-skilled workers, and exacerbating inequality, unemployment, insecurity and instability. (Khan, 2012) The Pacific Islands region, also known as the South Pacific or Southwest Pacific, presents Congress with a diverse array of policy issues. The Indo-Pacific places significant importance on India by highlighting the country as a key player in the twenty-first century. In this perspective, "the direct and indirect presence of US as the sole superpower has some vital questions interests in this dynamic region". 1 The geostrategic environment of South Asia is in transition. India's struggle for power and the Muslim demand for a separate state based on religion was denounced and condemned by Russia "as a set of new imperialist devices to retain British political, economic and strategic influence in South Asia."15 At political fronts, India and the Soviet Union 11 min read. This description of South Asia is to be viewed i. Effect of Policies & Politics of Countries on India's Interests.
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